Chapter – 1 : Cell – The Structural and Functional Unit of Life

                                        Chapter – 1

            Cell – The Structural and Functional Unit of Life

Extra Questions:-

Q1. Define Cell?

ans. The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living beings.

Q2. Write four points about the cell?

ans.  The four points about the cell are:-

• v  The cell is the smallest unit of structure of all living cells.
• v  The cell is the unit of function of all living things.
• v  All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• v  All living beings are made up of cells.

Q3. Define unicellular and multicellular organism? Give Examples.

ans.  Unicellular Organisms – The organism which is made only by a single cell. Examples: - Bacteria, Yeast.

       Multicellular Organisms - The organism is made up of millions of cells. Examples:-

Human Beings,  Rose.                          

Q4. Give examples of:-

a)      Smallest Cell

b)      Longest Cell

c)       Largest Cell.

ans.  a) Smallest Cell: Bacteria

         b) Longest Cell: Bird Cell

         c) Largest Cell: Ostrich

Q5. What is the shape of:-

a)      WBC

b)      RBC

c)       Nerve Cell

d)      Guard Cell

ans.  a) WBC - Amoeboid

         b) RBC- Circular and Biconcave

        c) Nerve Cell – Long

d) Guard Cell – Bean Shaped.

Q6. Why the cell membrane is called a semi-permeable membrane?

ans. The cell membrane is also called a semi-permeable membrane because it allows containing amount of cells to get inside.

Q7. Why the cell membrane is called a freely-permeable membrane?

ans. The cell membrane is also called freely Permeable because it allows the substance in solution to enter and leave the cell without hindrance.

Q8. Name a semi-liquid substance?

ans. Cytoplasm.

Q9. The semi-solid substance of a nucleus is called?

ans. Nucleoplasm.

Q10. Give one difference between organism and organelles.

ans. An organism is a sum of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

An organelle is the collection of tissues performing similar functions.

Q11. Define protoplasm?

ans. Protoplasm is the living matter the total substance of a living cell that is the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Q12. Write the two characteristics and functions of the following:-

a)      Cell membrane

b)      Cell wall

c)       Cytoplasm

d)      Endoplasmic reticulum

e)      Golgi apparatus.

ans.  (a) Cell membrane

1.   The cell membrane has fine pores through which substances may enter or leave the cell.
2.    The permeability of the cell membrane is selective.

         (b) Cell wall

1.   The cell wall is made up of cellulose, a non-living substance.
2.  The cell wall is freely permeable allowing the substance in solution to enter and leave the cell without hindrance.

(c) Cytoplasm

1.   Many chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm.
2.   Living cytoplasm is always in a state of some movement.

(d) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

1.   At its outer endoplasmic reticulum is connected with the cell membrane.
2.   Its inner end is connected with the nuclear membrane.

(e) Golgi apparatus

1.   It occurs in the form of granules.
2.   These are very small vesical of different shapes and generally located near the nucleolus.

Q13. Give one function of ribosomes?

ans.> The one function of ribosomes is:-

§     Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is needed for many cell functions such as repairing damaged chemical processes.

Q14. Name a cell organelle that has its own DNA and ribosomes?

ans.> Chloroplast is a cell organelle that has its own DNA and hydrosomes.

Q15. What is another name of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?

ans.> Another name of Golgi apparatus in a plant cell is Golgi complex or Golgi body.

Q16. Which is cell organelle is called ‘Suicidal bag’?

ans.> Lysosomes are the cell organelle which is also called the ‘Suicidal bag’.

Q17. Give full form of ATP.

ans.> ATP – Adenosine triphosphate.

Q18. Give six differences between Plant cells and animal cells?

Plant cells	Animal cells
A definite cell wall is made up of cellulose.	No cell wall.
A centrosome is not present.	A centrosome is present.
Usually contain plastids.	Do not contain plastids.
Usually larger, with distinct outlines. Vacuoles prominent or more. Only a thin living of cytoplasm mostly posed to the periphery.	Usually smaller, with less distinct boundaries. Vacuoles, infancy, are small and temporary. Cytoplasm fills almost the entire cells

 

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